William Hyde
Autobiography

I was born September the 11th, A.D., 1818, in the town of York, Livingston County, State of New York.

My father's name was Heman Hyde, my grandfather's name was James Hyde, and my great grandfather's name was Nehemiah Hyde. My Grand Father, James Hyde, served seven years, four months, and fourteen days, for the Independence of America. He was an active, good man through life, and died with an honorable old age, as was the case, in full, with his Father before him. My Father was born June the 30th, A.D., 1788, in the town of Strafford, Orange County, Vermont. He was married to Polly W. Tilton December 5th, 1810, in the town of Strafford, Orange County, Vermont, in which town and country my oldest brother Heman Tilton Hyde was born the 18th of June, 1812. In 1812 my father moved to the town of York, Livingston County, New York. My second brother, Charles W. Hyde was born the 16 of July 1814. Rosel Hyde was born May the 20th, 1816. My sister Mary Ann Hyde was born September the 18th, 1820. When I was seven years old, my father left the town of York, and settled in the town of Freedom, Cattaraugus County, New York, in which place he cleared up a large farm as the country was new, and also carried on a heavy business at wool carding and cloth dressing. In this place my Father, with his family, was well situated, and much respected by all. His house was ever a home to the weary and his hand never withheld from the poor.

In the year 1830 or 31 he began to hear something concerning the Book of Mormon, and the setting up of the Kingdom of God on the earth in the last days. The little information that we gained upon this subject, until the elders came preaching, was through Warren A. Cowdery, whose farm joined with ours. Warren A. obtained from his brother Oliver, at an early date, some of the proof sheets to the Book of Mormon, some of which we had the privilege of perusing, and we did not peruse any faster than we believed.

In the year 1833 Elders were preaching in different parts of the country. Sectarianism was also playing a heavy part, as there were revivals on all sides, and the motto with Priestcraft seemed to be, now or never. Early in the year 1834 Joseph Smith and Parley P. Pratt came to my father's house. They preached two or three times in the neighborhood, and conversed much in private. Before they left my oldest brother was baptized and went the same year to Missouri with Joseph Smith and many others in what was called the Zion's Camp. On the 7th of April 1834, my father and myself were baptized, and soon after all the family were numbered in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.

In February 1836, the family moved to Kirtland, Ohio, where Joseph Smith then resided. My father, with all his house, were fully convinced previous to being baptized that God had set to his hand for the last time to prune the Earth, and that in fulfillment of his word, He would gather together a people who would serve Him, and be prepared to escape the distress that should come upon the nations as well as for the coming of the son of man, when he should be revealed in the glory of his father. This being our faith, our first object was to gather with the Saints agreeable to the revelations which God had given. On the 27th of March, after our arrival in Kirtland, the temple in that place was dedicated. This was the first Temple built by the Saints of the last days, and the first endowments were given at this conference. This was, by far, the best meeting I had ever attended. The gifts of the gospel were enjoyed in a marvelous manner, and Angels administered unto many.

In the spring of 1837 Joseph Smith and many others, on account of persecution, took their departure with their families for the State of Missouri. The same spring the Printing Office belonging to the Saints in Kirtland was burned.

In the spring of 1838 I took my leave of my parents and journeyed for the State of Missouri. I traveled to Wellsville a distance of 90 miles on foot, from thence down the Ohio River and up the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers to Boonville by steamboat. From Boonville I traveled to the village of Far West a distance of 10 miles on foot, making in all a journey of near 1800 miles. I reached Far West about the middle of April and tarried in the place and its vicinity until the 4th of July, on which day I attended a celebration in Far West and listened to an oration delivered by Elder Rigdon. Soon after the celebration I went to Fort Leavenworth in Missouri Territory, a distance of 60 miles. I had been at this place about two weeks when I was taken with a very severe attack of the billious fever, but after about two weeks sickness, the fever was so far removed that I was able to return to Far West. Soon after my return I found that the brethren were being harassed by a merciless set of men, who, not being satisfied with having driven the saints from Jackson and Clay Counties, must again seek to plunder them, and drive them from their pleasant and hard earned homes. The mob continued their hostilities until many of the saints were slain in cold blood, and their property stolen or destroyed — and finally we were obliged to witness the Prophet through whom God had revealed the dispensation of the fullness of times, taken in company with his brother Hyrum and many of the twelve and many others, and dragged from our presence and from their families, and thrust into prison, and the remainder of the saints were forced to leave the state.

The number of the saints in Missouri at that time amounted to some 12 or 15 thousand, and the sufferings on this occasion no pen can describe — it being in the middle of a cold and dreary winter and, many of the saints having been robbed of their all, were obliged to journey on foot across the dreary prairies a distance of some two hundred and fifty or three hundred miles, and many of them without proper clothing, or even shoes to keep their feet from the stubble of the burnt prairies. But, knowing that all was brought upon them because they would adhere strictly to the truths of Heaven, their courage failed not, though many who reached the State of Illinois, because of their sufferings, were brought to a premature grave.

Included in the number of those who came out to plunder and drive the saints was known to be not less than 19 sectarian priests, who proved themselves the most cruel of our persecutors. The governor of the State, Lilbourn W. Boggs, also proved himself to be devoid of all feeling, and his name will be handed down to posterity as the Nero of the latter times. The heads of the Church were most cruelly treated with mock trials and in filthy dungeons for six or eight months, and finally through the mercy and interposition of the hand of God, they were delivered, but not to find their families as when they left them, but rather to follow their trail to Quincy, Illinois, to which place they had been driven. I left Far West in December 1838, with the satisfaction of knowing that I had done all in my power for the protection and good of the saints. I made my way to Quincy, at which place I found my parents. They left Kirtland in September, and had got into the State of Missouri about one hundred miles when they were met by a mob and forced to return.

p. 7 I stopped in and about Quincy until the 1st of October, A.D., 1839. I then went to Nauvoo, where the Saints were then gathering, for the purpose of attending a conference, and the 7th inst. was called by the Spirit of prophecy and ordained to the office of an Elder and commissioned to preach the Gospel — and on the 6th of November I started on my first mission. My feelings on this occasion were of no ordinary kind. I was young and without experience, but knowing that God had called me, and trusting in him alone, I started on my journey, having in company Elder Duzeth for a fellow labourer. We traveled through the states of Illinois, Indiana, and Michigan. We journeyed according to the instruction of the Savior, without purse or scrip, preaching by the way. We returned after an absence of about three months, and altho we had baptized but few, we felt that Lord had been with us and that we had opened the way for our future labours.

On the 6th of April, 1840, I again attended conference in Nauvoo, and on the 7th was ordained a member of the Quorum of Seventies. As soon as conference closed, I started on a mission to the State of Maine in company with Elder John Herrett. We journeyed to St. Louis on foot, held 10 meetings on the way, and baptized 2. From St. Louis we journeyed to Wellsville, Ohio, by steam boat, thence to Kirtland on foot. We tarried in Kirtland 8 or 10 days, and delivered some five or six discourses in the Temple. Then went to Fairport and took steamer for Buffalo. From Buffalo we journeyed on foot to the town of Freedom, a distance of 40 miles. At which place I received the fulness of the Gospel. At this place we tarried near three weeks and baptized 10. From Freedom we journeyed to Portage County, traveled through different parts of Portage and Livingston Counties, held 17 meetings, and baptized 12. On the 14th of July we a started on our journey and traveled by canal and steam boat to New York City, and from New York to Boston on rail car and steam boat. Left Boston on the 24th of July on board the steamer "Bangor", touched at Portland, and on the 25th arrived at Thomas Town, Maine. Left Thomas Town same day on board of a small fishing boat and started across Penobscott bay for Fox Islands, distance 9 miles. On the morning of the 26th, we were safely landed on North Fox Island. Soon after we were set on shore we went a short distance to a grove, and, in secret, bowed before the Lord and gave thanks to him for the blessings conferred upon us during our journey, and humbly asked for his protection over us during our stay upon the Island. We commenced preaching the same day we reached the Island, and on the 20th of August, which was 25 days from the time we landed, we had held 23 meetings and baptized 24. The two islands which are called North and South Fox Islands contain 1800 inhabitants, and our labours were upon both islands. After labouring upon the Islands about four weeks I was taken with a violent attack of the Typhus fever — I was confined to my bed for about nine weeks and it seemed that death was determined to conquer, but through the goodness of God my life was spared. Brother Herrett, my fellow labourer, waited upon me faithfully during the two first weeks of my sickness, when he was not called away to fill his appointments. On the 10th of October he was taken with the same fever. He had not been sick but a short time when he told the people that he should not recover but said that I would get well, for thus had the Lord manifested to him. He died on the 19th of the same month. Elder Herrett was a good man and was willing to wade through all kinds of opposition for the truth's sake, and whenever he could get the privilege p8of standing before the congregation of the wicked to declare the truths of the Gospel — altho opposition might rage — he was in the height of his glory. Our hearts were knit together as were the hearts of David and Jonathan. I felt to deplore my loss, but he rests with those who have overcome and kept the faith. Brother Herrett baptized three after I was taken sick. As soon as I had recovered my health sufficient to warrent me in commencing my labours, I left the Island and went onto the main land. I crossed the Bay on the 8th of December, and on the 9th commenced preaching. I continued preaching in publick and private discussions until the 26th of February, at which time I had held 47 meetings and baptized 26. On the 26th of February, 1841, I returned to the Island, and on Sunday, the 7th of March, I baptized 3, and on Monday, the 8th, I held three meetings and baptized and confirmed seventeen. On the 9th I preached again and baptized two. After attending to the ordinance, I took passage in a small boat and went onto the North Island. The 10th I baptized two, and on the same day crossed the bay onto the main land, and after organizing the Saints and giving them such instructions as the spirit of the Lord dictated to me, I took my leave of the people, having baptized in all, in company with Elder Herrett, one hundred and seven. On the 28th of March I embarked on board of a small schooner for New York City. Reached the City on the 9th of April. On the morning of the 10th, left New York and at 1 o'clock p.m. arrived in Philadelphia, distance 85 miles. On Sunday, the 11th, attended a meeting of the saints in the City. B. Winchester preached. After he was done speaking I gave a short sketch of my labours for the past year. Monday, 12th, I left Philadelphia, and, travelling by rail cars and canal boat, reached Johns Town on the west side of the Alleghany Mountains, on Saturday. At this place I overtook a company of saints on their way to Nauvoo from Holiston, Massachusetts. In this company was Elizabeth H. Bullard who afterward became my wife. I journeyed with this company by canal and steamboat to St. Louis. We reached St. Louis on Thursday, the 27th inst. (April). On the 28th I left the company and took passage on board the steamer "Rosalie". The night came on dark and rainy and at 11 o'clock the "Rosalie" came in contact with the steamer "Monsoon". The boats came in close contact before either was discovered, and the "Monsoon" in trying to clear the way, was thrown across the River, just in time for the "Rosalie", her headway not being stopped, to force her bow near half through her middle deck, tearing away her wheel and wheel house and hurling her engine out of its bed and carrying away such other machinery as came in her way. Men were thrown out of their births, and women and children were crying, and for a time all was in confusion. But after a considerable labour the boats were separated.

I reached Quincy on Friday, the 30th of April, and as my father was at this time living 8 miles from Quincy, I walked to his house the same day. I tarried with my parents the most of the remaining part of the season. I held several meetings during the season and the following fall and winter, in Adams County, and in several of the adjoining counties, and also visited Nauvoo from time to time.

On the 23rd of February A.D., 1842, I was married. The following summer I built, in connection with my father, a comfortable brick house in Nauvoo, also fenced my city lot and made every other possible improvement which would tend to render life happy.

At the October conference of 1842, I was again called upon by the Authorities of the Church to resume my labours in the ministry, and on p9the 23rd of the same month (October, 1842), I took my leave of my family and friends and, in company with Benjamin S. Wilber, started for the State of Vermont. We journeyed by steam boat to Pittsburgh, and from thence to Philadelphia by canal and rail cars. We traveled through the state of New Jersey on foot, held several meetings in the state, and were enabled to allay much prejudice which had been excited by reason of the wicked falsehoods which had been put in circulation by John C. Bennett who had been cut off from the Church for his iniquity. From New Jersey we went to New York. From thence to West Stockbridge, thence to Richmond. Stopped with Brother Phinehas Richards, and his wife was baptized. Brother Phinehas Richards is the father of Franklin, Samuel and Henry Richards. From Richmond we journeyed to Vermont, preaching and baptizing by the way. We tarried in Woodstock, the county seat of Windsor, and in its vicinity for three months, during which time I visited the homestead of my father and mother, or the home and burial place of my grand parents. I found many who had been acquainted with my parents in the days of their youth, and who were exceedingly happy to form an acquaintance with me, and to them I was permitted to preach the fullness of the everlasting Gospel and also to a step-grandmother, and one uncle and aunt, all of whom I had never before seen. I also visited the town of Sharon, the birthplace of the Prophet Joseph Smith. We organized a branch of the Church in the town of Woodstock, and baptized in all 35 souls. The fore part of April I took my leave of Brother Wilber, who expected to follow in a few days, and started on my return route. I traveled on foot and by stage to Peterborough, New Hampshire, and from thence to Lowell, Mass. At this place I found Elder E. T. Benson. From Lowell I journeyed to Worcester. At this place I met with a company of saints on their way to Nauvoo. I journeyed with this company by rail car to Albany, thence to Buffalo by canal, and from Buffalo to Cleveland, Ohio by steam boat, and from Cleveland across the State of Ohio to the Ohio River by canal; thence down the Ohio River and up the Mississippi to Nauvoo by steam boat. Reached home about the middle of June, 1843. Found my family enjoying the blessing of health and the Spirit of the Lord. On my return from this mission I was presented with a daughter born the 12th of February preceding.

I will here state, as it was neglected on the preceding page, that on my return route, in passing up the Erie Canal, I stopped at the village of Palmyra, and in company with some three or four others, procured a carriage and went back into the country and visited the hill Cumorah, so‑called in the Book of Mormon, from which the Records were taken. We passed up the hill from the north end, to the top, passed over the west and east sides, and found the description given by Oliver Cowdery to be very satisfactory. A gentleman in company picked up an Indian arrow point near the top of the hill, which was very curiously wrought. While viewing the country round about many peculiar sensations crossed my bosom, as here many thousand, strong men had fallen in battle, and the numerous hosts of Jerodites, as well as the armies of the Nephites had become extinct — and here it was that Moroni, the man of God, had deposited the Records of the Nephites by the command of the Lord. And here it was they were revealed in the due time of the Lord by an holy Angel to Joseph Smith as the commencement of the great work of the dispensation of the fullness of times.

I tarried in the City of Nauvoo with my family until the 23rd of p10September, 1843, which gave me a respite of three months. I then took my leave and again started on a mission to the Eastern States. I traveled to Chicago by land, thence across Lake Michigan, Lake Huron and Lake Erie by steamboat to Buffalo; thence on foot to Freedom, Cattaraugus County, New York. Stopped and delivered two discourses to a large assembly of old acquaintances. I then went into Allegany, Stuben and Livingston Counties, New York, in which section of country I spent the winter, and the Spirit of the Lord was with me. I soon had doors opened for preaching in every direction and many were obedient to the truth. Many Priests of different denominations came out against me, but their wickedness was so plainly manifest that their labours only served to help spread the truth. I built up a branch of the Church in the town of Ossian, Allegany County, New York, of sixty members, and in the village of Pratts Burg, some 35 or 40 miles from Ossian, I baptized ten. On the 5th of May, 1844, a notice having been published in the Times and Seasons at Nauvoo that I had been appointed a mission to Vermont in company with Elder Erastus Snow, I took my leave of the saints in Ossian and traveling by canal and stage reached Woodstock, Vermont, on the 14th inst. I tarried in Woodstock and in the regions round about, until the 23rd of June, during which time I had the privilege of bearing record to the truth to many large and attentive congregations, and also of baptizing two. On Saturday, the 23rd, Elder E. Snow arrived in Woodstock. On Sunday, the 24th, Elder Snow preached in Woodstock, and on Wednesday the 27th, we started north, and passing through Northfield, Montpelier, Cabot, and St. Jones Burry, and on Saturday, the last day of June, and on Sunday, the 30th of June, we held conference in Lindon, at which time the different branches in Vermont were represented, and we had a very interesting time. There were two Millerite preachers present, and one of them became convinced of the truth and was soon after baptized. At this conference the course to be pursued in the ensuing Presidential election by all the saints throughout the Union was laid before the people and was met with a hearty response. Our object was to vote for a man whom we knew to be our friend, as we had proven many and found them faithless and untrue to their trust, and in all respects unworthy of our confidence and the confidence of all good men. But instead of the Nation's operating for their own future welfare as a people, to say nothing of the blessings of Eternity which might have been obtained and were freely offered to the people by the man whom God had raised up to be a Prophet, Seer and Revelator, on the 27th of June, as Elder Snow and myself were journeying from Woodstock of Lindon, Joseph Smith, the man of God, was taken, and after having submitted to be cast into prison at Carthage, Illinois to await a trial by law and if fault could be found in him to suffer accordingly. After having thus submitted, Joseph, together with his brother Hyrum, were cruelly murdered, when at the same time the authority of the state was pledged for their protection. Thus did that state and I may say, the Union, for the Nation virtually aquiessed in the foul deed, prove themselves unworthy. They have stained the earth with the blood of the man, or men, through whom God has organized his Kingdom on the Earth, which Kingdom He has decreed shall stand forever — and for that blood the Nation will be obliged to atone.

On Monday, the 2nd of July Elder Snow and myself started on our return to Woodstock. Soon after we arrived in Woodstock we learned through the public prints that the wicked were arraying themselves against the saints in Nauvoo, and we mutually came to the conclusion to p11start on our return home.

On the 5th of July Elder Snow left Woodstock to journey by the way of Boston — and on the 8th I took my leave of the saints, and crossing the Green mountains, reached White Hall, New York, on the 9th. While at this place I learned that Joseph and Hyrum had been slain, as above stated. On receiving this information my soul sickened and I wept before the Lord, and for a time it seemed that the very Heavens were clad in mourning.

From White Hall I journeyed to Troy by canal, thence to Syracuse by rail car, and from Syracuse to Rochester by canal. From Rochester I went up the Genesee Valley Canal to Mount Morris, distance 40 miles; thence to Ossian on foot, and on Saturday and Sunday, the 20 and 21 of July, held conference in Ossian. Brother William Pratt was present. There was a very large assembly present, and the spirit of the Lord was upon us, and we were enabled to declare the principles of righteousness in great plainness to the people. On Sunday I addressed the people from the saying of the Prophet "When the wicked rule the people mourn, but when the righteous rule the people rejoice" — and never before did the Lord give me greater liberty in speaking. After meeting I rode with a gentleman by the name of Olney to Portage, distance 9 miles, and on Monday baptized a niece to Mr. Olney's. On Tuesday the 23rd, was carried by my friends to Cattaraugus county, a distance of 25 miles, and on Thursday, the 25th I went to Buffalo, distance 40 miles. Reached Buffalo at sunset. Put up at Huffs Hotel, and on Friday morning, to my great joy, I found that six of the Quorum of the Twelve had arrived in the City the same night of my arrival and had put up at the same house, but at a late hour; President Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, Orson Hyde, Orson Pratt, Lyman Wight, and Wilford Woodruff composed the number. Friday morning at 8 o'clock we took passage on board the steamer Buffalo for Detroit, feeling within myself that I was truly happily situated. Elder Orson Hyde left at Fairport, Ohio to journey by way of Kirtland. The vessel touched at Cleveland, Sandusky Bay, and Toledo, and reached Detroit Saturday, at 10 o'clock a.m. We put up for the night at the Railroad Hotel. And on Sunday, July 28th, left Detroit on board the steam propeller "Hercules", crossed Lake Huron, stopped at Fort McGnaw a short time on Tuesday, the 30th, then proceeded across Lake Michigan, touched at Milwaukee, Racine, and South Port in Wisconsin Territory, and on Thursday, August the 1st, 1844, at 8 o'clock p.m., arrived in Chicago.

Friday morning left Chicago in the stagecoach and on Sunday, the 4th reached Gallina, distance 160 miles. Took lodging in the American House. Left Gallena Monday, August 5, at 5 o'clock p.m. on board the steamer "St. Croix". Touched at Davenport, Bloomington, and Burlington, and arrived at Nauvoo on Tuesday at 8 o'clock p.m. Had one mile to walk to reach the residence of my family. Found all well and felt to give thanks to my Heavenly Father for the many blessings I had received from his hand during my past life. Still I felt to mourn the loss of those whom I had loved in the truth and from whose lips I had oft received sweet counsel, but who were now in their graves.

On Thursday, August the 8th, I attended a special conference in Nauvoo. Elder Rigdon addressed the assembly in the forenoon. Elder Rigdon sought, as he expressed it, the guardianship of the Church, but it was plainly manifest that the Spirit of the Lord had withdrawn from him, and that he sought that which did not belong to him. From the p12time the saints were driven from Missouri he had evidently been on the background, and had not walked up to his station, and one occasion I heard Joseph Smith say that he had carried Elder Rigdon on his back long enough, and then turning to the Twelve said that if they did not help him at that time in shaking him off, the time would come when they would have it to do, and that without his, Joseph's assistance. And on Thursday, the 8th of August, was this saying of the Prophet brought home with weight to my mind.

In the afternoon President Brigham Young came upon the stand and addressed the vast multitude of anxious listeners as follows: "For the first time the Twelve walk up to stand in their place, we have walked by sight and not by faith. The Church having had the privilege of coming to Joseph and of receiving, but now he has stepped to the other side of the veil. He loved the Church even upon death, and laid down his life for it." President Young then asked the following questions: "Do you want to choose a person to lead you into the Kingdom, if so manifest it." All were silent. "If there is any person present that wishes to draw away a party after them let them rise." But no one rose. "I have wanted," said President Young, "to fast thirty days, and to clothe my house in mourning, but business must be driven, and as it falls to my lot to speak, I shall speak in plainness. Do you want President Rigdon to take Joseph's place, if so take him. Here are the Twelve. Have my knees ever faltered, have these hands ever slackened? No." And "No" said voices from all directions. "The Twelve hold the keys and are in authority equal with the first President when the first is absent. Do you want to choose a trustee in trust to take Joseph's place, if so the Twelve must ordain him, for the power rests in them, and in them alone, the Church cannot do it."

"The Almighty with all his train are working in cooperation with us. Then", said he, "let us pursue a proper course. Joseph has laid an Almighty Foundation, and we will rear, thereupon, an Almighty Building." The President remarked that the Devil had to work faster than he ever had done to kill saints faster than we would make them. He then showed the propriety of having a Bishop to stand in his place as he never had done, and take charge of all the financial concerns, while the Apostles and Elders attend to ministering the word, and etc. And then said that if Elder Rigdon wanted to be a spokesman for Joseph, let him go to the other side of the veil. "Who," said he, "ever heard of such a thing as a person on one side the Veil acting as a spokesman for a person the other side." The President further stated that no person could stand between Joseph and the Twelve. And then turning to the people, said it was their place to rise up and help roll on the Kingdom. "But let us not undertake anything new. Let us follow the law and not undertake to divide the Priesthood one hair."

Elders P. P. Pratt and Amasa Lyman made some very appropriate remarks, confirming what President Young had said. Elder Lyman said that he had as good a right to lay claim to Joseph's place as had Elder Rigdon, but that the thought had never entered his heart. His desires and determinations were to stand by the Twelve. Elder W. W. Phelps also made some very comforting remarks. Said that Joseph was not in a situation that he could not visit the Saints. He then related a dream. Said that he saw Joseph the second night after his death, and that he looked p13as natural as life, and bore the same self-commanding look. Elder Phelps thought the Kingdom appeared to be on wheels, and Joseph asked him why he did not speak to the drivers and have them go ahead with it. He asked Joseph if the Kingdom was on wheels, and he said yes, and told him to drive ahead. Elder P. then spoke to the drivers and they drove ahead. He saw the Kingdom move round the Temple. Joseph spoke to him as they came round and said, "You see it moves and receives no harm. Now drive across the River into Iowa." Brother P. replied that if they done that they would be obliged to cross Devil Creek. "Never mind Devil Creek," said Joseph, "drive ahead."

President Young again arose and spoke concerning the endowments of the Elders. Said that if they did not get them in the Temple, they should have them if they had to receive them in the wilderness, for the Devil could not cheat them out of them. He then called upon the saints to know if they would receive the Twelve and let them stand in their place as the first Presidency of the Church in the absence of Joseph. The vote was unanimous in the affirmative. (On this day it was plainly manifest that the mantle of Joseph had rested upon President Young. The voice of the same spirit by which Joseph spake was this day sounded in our ears, so much so that I once, unthoughtedly, raised my head to see if it was not actually Joseph addressing the assembly.) The assembly was dismissed by President Young, after being blessed in the name of the Lord.

Sunday, the 11th, the most of the Twelve were absent. Lyman Wight addressed the Saints in the forenoon, and in the afternoon I was called upon to speak to them, and was blessed in so doing.

Tuesday, the 13th, I delivered a discourse on a funeral occasion.

Sunday, the 18th, President Young addressed the Saints in the fore part of the day, and Elder Kimball in the after part. The President made some remarks in reference to baptism for the dead, said that they wanted a proper time for reflection, and to mourn the loss of our beloved Prophet and Patriarch, and then proceed to business. He then stated that there were those that were anxious to push business, and some were seeking to divide the Church and lead off a part into the wilderness, but inasmuch as they done so, the curse of God should follow them, and whereas certain individuals had used their influence to divide the people by saying that the Twelve secretly upheld them in their course of procedure, he declared it to be false, and that, in the most pointed terms. He further stated that none were to leave the place except the few that were called upon to go to the pinery, and such as were counseled to leave, and that if Lyman Wight and George Miller did not give heed to Council they would come to destruction. He also showed the necessity of uniting our exertions to finish the Temple, that the elders might receive their endowments, and be prepared to bear off the world. Elder Kimball remarked that he had always given heed to the instructions which he had received from Joseph, and that he had never given him a joke but that he had always looked upon him as his superior and as his Savior. And after showing the necessity of being submissive in all things, he called upon the Saints to know if they would uphold the Twelve, and all the people said, "We will". "Well then," said Elder Kimball, "we will never forsake you."

Many more valuable instructions were given both by President Young and Elder Kimball which I did not pen, all of which were calculated to encourage the Saints to give strict heed to the commandments of heaven.

p14 At the October Conference of 1844, held in the City of Nauvoo, I was ordained one of the Presidents of the 8th Quorum of Seventies.

In January 1845, I was appointed a mission to the State of Mississippi and Alabama, in company with Elder Ludington. Elder Shirwood accompanied us to a brother Black's in Mississippi, about 75 miles from Memphis. He then left to pursue his route to New Orleans. Elder Ludington and myself returned after an absence of two months, having been blessed in our labours. The object of the mission was to collect tithing for the building of the Temple, and also to get young men among the saints, and such as could leave their homes, to come and spend the summer in Nauvoo and labour on the Temple, and etc.

The summer of 1845 I spent a portion of the time labouring on the Temple, and a portion for the support of my family.

On the 23rd of December, myself and wife Elizabeth received our washing and anointing in the Temple, and on the 19th of January, 1846, we were sealed, agreeable to the order of Holy Priesthood, for time and for all Eternity. On the 22nd of January we received our second Anointing, on which day my Father and Mother also received theirs.

The Endowments were commenced in the Temple on the 9th of December, 1845, and were closed about the 8th of February, 1846. January 5th I was called upon to assist in the ordinances of the endowments, and from this time until the 8th of February I remained in the Temple the most of the time.

A Patriarchal Blessing, given in the City of Nauvoo, January 30th, 1846, by John Smith, Patriarch, upon the head of William Hyde, son of Heman and Polly W. Hyde, born September 11th, 1818, Town of York, Livingston County, State of New York.

 With the Mormon Battalion

In the month of February, 1846, President Young, Heber C. Kimball, in company with many of the first Elders of the Church, because of persecution, left Nauvoo and took their departure into the wilderness, for the purpose of searching out a resting place for the saints, that if possible, they might dwell in peace, and be remote, and free from the turmoil and perplexity, and the persecutions which they had suffered from the hands of the Gentiles.

This first company, which was composed of men, women and children, suffered much from the severe storms which they had to encounter. But the Lord was with them, and although seemingly in no wise fitted for the expedition, they succeeded in braving the storms and in building bridges, and in wheeling through mud and mire until they reached Council Bluffs in Iowa Territory.

I left Nauvoo with my family the 18th of May, 1846, in company with my father and mother, also my brother Charles, and Rosel with his family, and David Grant, who was the husband of my sister Mary Ann Hyde.

We reached Council Bluffs the 12th of July.

The Government of the United States were at this time at war with Mexico, and not being satisfied with either having assisted, or by their silence acquiesced in driving and plundering thousands of defenseless men, women and children, and driving them from their pleasant and lawful homes, and of actually murdering, or through suffering causing the death of hundreds, they must now send to our camps, (While we, like Abraham, by the commandment of Heaven were enroute for a home, we knew not where; and after having expelled us from their borders), and call upon us for five hundred young and middle aged men, the strength of our camp, to go and assist them in fighting their battles. When this news came I looked upon my family, and then upon my aged parents, and upon the situation of the camps in the midst of an uncultivated, wild Indian country, and my soul revolted. But when I came to learn the mind of the Lord, and on learning the offering had to be made, or the sequel was not yet opened between us and the Government; when our beloved President came to call upon the saints to know who among all the people were ready to be offered for the cause; I said, "Here am I, take me."

On the 16th of July I was mustered into service. Five companies were raised, consisting in all of about five hundred and twenty men. I enlisted in the second company. We had the privilege of electing our p16own officers up to the captains. Jesse D. Hunter was chosen Captain of the second company. I occupied the place of second sergeant. We were marched to the Missouri River the same day we were mustered into service, and commenced drawing our rations and to make preparations for our departure. On the 17th I returned to the camp where my family was situated, a distance of 8 miles. The thoughts of leaving my family at this critical time are indescribable. Far from the land which we had once called civilization, with no dwelling, save a wagon, with the scorching midsummer sun to beat upon them, with the prospect of the cold December blasts finding them in the same place.

My family at this time consisted of a wife and two children, the oldest of which was but three years and a half; and the situation of my wife was such as to cause her to require if ever, the assistance and watch care of her companion. Many of the brethren left families, some in the care of relatives and some in the care of the Church, and as all supposed their hands were full before the requisition was made, they now felt that there was placed upon them a three fold charge.

On the 18th I again returned to the River, and on Sunday, the 19th, I again returned to the camp of the saints and tarried with my family until 2 o'clock p.m. And after having given them my blessing, and resigning them into the hands of God, I left them and again returned to the camp of the soldiers.

On Saturday, before taking up the line of march, President Young, H. C. Kimball, Willard Richards, John Taylor, P. P. Pratt and Wilford Woodruff met in private with the commissioned and noncommissioned officers on the bank of the River, and there gave us their last charge and blessing, with a firm promise that on condition of faithfulness on our part, our lives should be spared and our expedition result in great good, and our names be handed down in honorable remembrance to all generations. The officers were instructed to prove themselves fathers to the privates, and to remember their prayers, and see that the name of the Deity was revered, and also to see that chastity and cleanliness was strictly observed. They also instructed us to treat all men with kindness, and never take that which did not belong to us, not even from our worst enemy in time of war, if we could possible avoid it. And if we should come into battle with the enemy, and be successful, we should treat prisoners with the greatest kindness, and never take life when it could be avoided. Many more instructions were given which I did not write, but all were calculated to encourage the officers to be faithful, and prove themselves true to their trust.

We were encamped on the Missouri River until Tuesday, July the 21st. At about 12 o'clock in the day the companies were formed and took up their line of march. Went 4 miles and camped. Elder J. C. Little stopped with us over night.

On the morning of the 22nd, the companies were formed into a hollow square, and Elder Little, on being solicited by the officers, gave a short address, after which the companies again pursued their course. Traveled 22 miles. This night a young man died, belonging to the 2nd company, by the name of Samuel Bailey. He was taken sick soon after he left the camp of the saints, and I tried to prevail upon him to abandon the idea of trying to perform the expedition, but his desires were so great to continue with the company that I submitted. He was buried Thursday, the 23rd at 10 minutes before 7 in the morning.

At 9 o'clock the Battalion again took up the line of march.

p 17 Traveled 22 miles, camped in the edge of Missouri. The weather was hot and very uncomfortable traveling. We continued our course through the State of Missouri, averaging about 20 miles per day.

On the 29th we reached St. Joseph, at which place I saw Luke Johnson and had some conversation with him. He informed me that the people of Missouri were perfectly nonplussed at the course which the Mormons were taking. They had supposed when they heard of the requisition of the government that the Mormons, as they were pleased to call them, would only spurn at it. But when they came to see the Battalion march through their settlements with civility, and good order, they were perfectly unmanned.

On Saturday, August 1st, we reached Fort Leavenworth. On this day we received our tents in time to get them pitched for the night. Our tents numbered 100 and when properly arrayed, presented a beautiful appearance.

Sunday was spent very agreeable. All was quiet and in good order, save the humming and singing of the soldiers in their tents, which at times, would almost cause the listener to fancy himself in a Methodist camp meeting.

On Monday, the 3rd, muskets and ammunition were distributed to the companies, and on Tuesday and Wednesday the companies drew their first payment from the government, which enabled us to send back a small pittance for the assistance of our families.

On Tuesday Elders P. P. Pratt, John Taylor, O. Hyde, and J. C. Little arrived in camp from the Bluffs, or the camp of the saints, and their presence caused a general how-de-do and rejoicing in camp.

During the time the companies were receiving their money the paymaster observed that it was different with our men from what it was with the companies from Missouri who had previously drawn their pay. When they were called upon to sign their names, there was only about one-third that could write, but when our men came up every one could write his own name. Colonel Allen was well pleased with his Battalion and was heard to say while in conversation with some of the chief officers in the garrison that he had never been under the necessity of giving the word of command the second time, that notwithstanding we were unacquainted with the military tactics. We were willing to obey orders.

We remained at Fort Leavenworth until the 13th inst., on which day, our baggage wagons, camp equipage, knapsacks and canteens, etc., having been arranged and adjusted, we took our departure for a long and dreary march. Time and bitter experience only to reveal and open to us the future. We left the fort at any time half past 3 in the afternoon, traveled 5 miles.

The 14th the weather was very hot and sultry, the thermometer at 101 in the shade and 130 in the sun. The camp was on the move this day only about 2 hours. This night I was sergeant of the guard, which station it fell to my lot to fill once in 5 or 6 days.

On the 15th traveled 14 miles, camped on Mill Creek. This day we received word from the Bluffs by Brother Mathews, who had been sent to Fort Leavenworth on business for a young gentleman from Washing City by the name of Kane, who was at this time with the camp of the saints, and very sick. Mr. Kane was a warm friend to the saints. We learned by this express that the main body of the saints had crossed the Missouri River and journeyed up the River some 15 or 20 miles and had taken p18up winter quarters on land owned by the Omaha Indians, and that all were in good spirits.

On Sunday the 16th marched 12 miles and came to the Kanza or Kaw River [or Kansas], which is quite a large stream. Were ferried across in flat boats. Some of the Delaware and Shawnee Indians were living near the ferry. After crossing the river we went 2 miles and camped near an Indian plantation.

The 17th laid by.

The 18th laid by as our Colonel, who was sick when the Battalion first left the fort, had not yet come up, and on that account we were making slow progress. While we were laying by the Sutler's wagons, 13 in number, came up, loaded with goods intended for the Battalion, so that when we received a penny from the pay master they might have the pleasure of pocketing it.

On the 19th we struck our tents late in the afternoon and traveled 4 miles. Before we had reached our place of encampment, we discovered a furious storm arising in the west, and we hastened to get all things in readiness. But this was hardly done when the storm reached us, and I may with propriety say, that another such a gale I ever witnessed. Out of upwards of one hundred tents there were only 5 or 6 that were not blown down, and they were only kept standing by the strong arms of those inside. Three wagons were blown over, 2 of them heavy loaded baggage wagons and one a two horse carriage, the boxes and covers of which were badly damaged. A light carriage belonging to the 1st sergeant of the 2d company was blown some 10 or 12 rods from where it stood when the storm commenced, himself and wife being in it at the time. The wagon covers were nearly all blown off and many of them torn to pieces. And thus were all exposed to the rain and hail which was blown with great fury. During the time that the storm lasted, which was about 20 minutes, it seemed that the very elements were at war, and from the fury of the wind, connected with rain and hail, and the lightning which streaked forth with all its forked fury, followed by loud peals of thunder, it appeared that the very prince and power of the air was coming out in all his fury against us. But all were cheerful, and with the flying of hats, caps, and handkerchiefs, and various other articles, together with the running of horses and mules, the scenery at the close was rendered quite novel.

On the 20th two pieces of artillery passed us, accompanied by 6 or 8 load of ammunition. Each piece was drawn by 6 horses and each wagon by 6 or 8 mules. The two pieces and ammunition were intended for General Kearney, who had marched for Santa Fe from Fort Leavenworth about two months in the advance of us. At 4 o'clock p.m. the Battalion was called together for the first time for the purpose of receiving words of instruction and comfort. There were five who took a part in speaking. I composed one of the numbers. We had an interesting time and the meeting brought to mind by gone days. After the close there were three baptized, two for the recovery of health and one for the remission of sins.

This day for the first time, the officers of the different companies were called together for the purpose of settling a serious difficulty between Captain Brown of the 3rd company, and the 1st and 3rd Lieutenants of the same company. After a painful and serious deliberation, and both parties had been severely reprimanded, as it appeared that both parties were more or less in fault, a settlement was effected.

The 21st we still remained at our place of encampment, which was on p19an eminent piece of ground near the forks of the road, the one leading to the Santa Fe road and the other called the Oregon road. This day three companies of horsemen passed us.

The 22d the morning was fine, and all hands were up early and making preparations for a march. At 8 o'clock were under way, traveled 9 miles, came to the Santa Fe road leading from Independence, Missouri. We here came to a halt and rested a half hour, then marched 6 miles to Elm Grove and pitched our tents.

The 23rd were under way at half past 7. Traveled 14 miles, camped on 110-mile creek.

The 24th traveled 14 miles, camped on Beaver Creek.

The 25th traveled 12 1/2 miles.

The 26th were under way at half past seven. Traveled 13 miles and encamped on the bank of a large stream, the name of which I did not learn. Soon after our tents were pitched a messenger came with the news that Colonel Allen was dead. This information struck a damper to our feelings, as we considered him a worthy man, and from the kind treatment which the Battalion had received from him, we had begun to look upon him as our friend, and a person from whom we should receive kind treatment. The Colonel had been to the Bluffs, and had witnessed the situation of the camps of the saints, and well knew the situation in which we had left our families, which was enough to melt the heart of a strong man. He had also listened to the testimony of the servants of God, and had heard them bear record to the truth of the great work in which we were engaged, and from his appearance, his feelings were enlisted in our favor. But it appeared that it was not our lot to retain him as our commander.

The 27th marched to Council Grove, distance 8 miles, crossed the creek, and went up a half mile and encamped. This night at 15 minutes before 8, a woman died in camp by the name of [Jane] Bosco. The command of the Battalion now fell upon Captain Hunt, as he was the ranking officer, unless further arrangements should be made.

On the 28th camp laid by.

On the 29th, at half past 9 a.m., the Battalion marched into the grove near by our place of encampment, for the purpose of listening to a discourse from Lieutenant Dikes, and of paying our last respects to our late deceased Colonel. The scenery was in martial order and was truly solemn. Soon after the close of the services a Lieutenant by the name of Smith of the U. S. regular service, arrived in camp from Fort Leavenworth, accompanied by the pay-master and a surgeon for the Battalion. Lieutenant Smith's object in coming to us was if possible to get the command of the Battalion, and on being asked by Captain Hunt in what particular respect the Battalion would be advantaged by receiving him in preference to one of our own number, he replied that there were some 4 months provisions in the advance of us and that by his order there were 20 loaded wagons in the rear, all of which were intended for our benefit, and they were liable to fall into other hands; that in making requisitions for the benefit of the Battalion our officers would not be known in the war department, notwithstanding, the requisitions might be just, they not having received their commissions; but in case the charge was entrusted to him he could secure the provisions, and whatever requisition he should make would be forth coming, and that the returns to Washington would be in due form, etc. The Lieutenant further stated that all he wished was the privilege of conducting the Battalion to General Kearney, and then all would be made right. Captain p20Hunt mentioned to him that we had some 12 or 15 families along, and also certain promises which had been made by Col. Allen in reference to those families, that they should be protected and have the privilege of journeying with us to California. The Lieutenant replied that all the promises which Colonel Allen had made he would see faithfully carried out, and that he would do all in his power for our comfort. The result was that the Lieutenant was received on the strength of his genteel promises, and the command of the Battalion placed in his hands. As to the result of this operation, many fears were entertained, and with all, it was a solemn day. As for myself I felt to hope for the best. I considered that if the officers (who had rights to cede up), could submit, I could try.

The 30th was mostly spent in making preparations to renew our march. At 5 o'clock p.m. Mr. James Bosco died, his wife having died on the 27th as before stated. He was buried by her side. I think that neither of them belonged to the Church. They had friends in the Battalion, and on this account were along, but they were both too far advanced in years to stand the fatigues of the journey. At the time of the interment, as our last act of kindness, and to preserve the bodies of the deceased from the wolves, etc., each company marched to the bluffs near by and brought flat rocks, and under the superintendence of Elisha Everett, a wall was built around the graves 10 feet long and 7 wide, and 2 feet high, and the center filled with rock, and the whole overlaid with beautiful flat rock. As soon as the work was completed we returned to camp, and after prayers we again wrapped ourselves in our blankets for the night.

The 31st at 7 a.m. we again took up the line of march under the dictation of our new commander. Marched 15 miles, camped at Diamond Springs. These springs afford a large supply of excellent water.

September the 1st.

Marched 15 miles and camped at Los Springs. At this place there is no timber. We had our eatables prepared the night previous. This night there was 3 companies of horsemen camped nearby. Colonel Price with his regiment has lately passed us, and is now a short distance in the advance of us.

The 2d marched 15 miles. Camped on Cottonwood Fork. The sick in camp appear at the present to be on the mend, though there are quite a number ailing.

The course to be pursued by our sick, as recommended by letter from President Brigham Young, was to let the surgeon and his medicine alone, and if we doctored at all, let it be in accordance with the course marked out to the saints. The position of our sick in their present situation was truly unpleasant.

The 3rd marched 26 miles. In the course of the day Lieutenant Smith discovered some two or three sick in a wagon, who had not reported themselves to the surgeon, and he hauled them out very abruptly. The surgeon stood by hollering, "Damn them, pull them out." The Lieutenant asked Brother Dunham, one of the sick, if he had taken any medicine. He answered that he had. The Lieutenant then asked who administered it, and on learning that it had been administered without the surgeon's orders, he swore by, that in case any man in the Battalion done the like again, he would cut his damned throat, and then turning to Brother Dunham, said that if he took medicine in the like manner again, he would tie a rope to his neck and haul him one day behind a wagon. This night the orderly sergeants were called for at the Lieutenant's markee and received orders to have the sick all report themselves next morning to the surgeon, or he would leave them on the prairie. This course of procedure looked to us to be rather tough. As the surgeon had been heard to say, while in conversation with the Lieutenant, and while pouring his wicked anathemas upon our heads, that he would send as many of us to hell as he could, thus virtually threatening the lives of all under his charge. Such language as this we had not been accustomed to, and we began to conclude that our surgeon was a correct sample of the people he had just left in Missouri who were murderers and whore mongers, and who love and make a lie, and who had stained their hands in the blood of the saints. And as to our Lieutenant in command, his course began to look very much unlike the one pursued by our late deceased Colonel Allen.

On the morning of the 4th, the sick, who were unable to travel, reported themselves to the surgeon, not only to receive his calomel, but his bitter cursings, which, however, did not amount to much. Marched 18 miles, camped on the little Kansas.

The 5th marched 20 miles. Were now in a buffalo country. The orderly sergeant in company B was sick, and his duties devolved upon me. At 8 o'clock I met, in company with Brother Levi Hancock and Father Pettigrew and others for prayer, as usual. The sick were remembered and especially the monster who supposed the sick were in his power.

The 6th marched 14 miles, mostly over a high, sandy ridge. I took supper at Lieutenant Ludington's. Had buffalo meat, which was the first I had ever tasted.

The 7th were under way at half past five, and at 11 a.m. camped at Walnut Creek. Distance 12 miles. At 5 o'clock p.m. the Battalion was mustered, and had certain points of the military law read to the soldiers. Met in council with some of my brethren at 9 a.m.

p22 The 8th traveled 25 miles.

The 9th crossed the Pawnee Fork. Traveled 5 miles and encamped.

The 10th traveled 18 miles.

Friday, September the 11th was my birthday. Marched 12 miles and camped on the bank of the Arkansas River, and had the pleasure of doing up my little chores and of washing my clothes, which was my birthday recreation.

The 12th marched 20 miles. In the evening met with several of the brethren for the purpose of praying and counseling together. The captains of the several companies were present, also Brs. Hancock and Pettigrew.

The 13th marched 13 miles.

The 14th I had charge of the rear guard. Marched 15 miles.

The 15th marched 12 miles. Came to the last crossing of the Arkansas. At this place the road forks, the one leading to Santa Fe, and the other to Bents Fort. At this place we came up with five companies of Col. Price's regiment.

On the morning of the 16th, the families that were in company with the Battalion took their leave of us to go to Purbelo, a bit of a trading post about 70 miles from Bents Fort, at which place our new commander thought it best for them to seek winter quarters. Ten men were detailed to guard them. This day the Battalion laid by. At 6 o'clock p.m. Brother Alva Phelps died, and was buried at 6 o'clock on the morning of the 17th. Brother Phelps suffered much from the salivating and poisonous effects of calomel, which, without doubt, was the cause of his death.

At 7 a.m. Lieutenant Pace arrived in camp direct from the camp of the saints at the Bluffs, to which place he had been sent with an express after the death of Colonel Allen. Brother Pace was accompanied by Brothers John D. Lee and Howard Egan, who brought a large number of letters to the Battalion from our families and friends. They bore with them three letters from the Presidency of the church, which were intended for the benefit of the Battalion, which contained much information in reference to the Battalion, and also our families, and the distribution of the means which we had sent back, and also the purpose to which our moneys would be applied which we were expecting to send back, which was quite satisfactory. But in reference to the officer in command, all is not in accordance with the spirit of the letters referred to above, and the prospect seems to be that the Battalion will of necessity have to taste the bitter effects of an unwise course. The Battalion marched this day, 17th, 25 miles.

The 18th marched 25 miles. Suffered much for water.

The 19th were underway at 4 in the morning. Traveled 10 miles and came to the Semirone Springs.

The 2oth marched 12 miles. At 7 p.m. met in council with the captains of companies, Brothers Pace, Lee and Egan, also Brothers Pettigrew and Hancock and others. In reference to this meeting I only have to say that I witnessed a strange sort of a time, some of our officers appear to have strange feeling in reference to their own course, etc., but as far as I am concerned I trust to be able to do right, and if our sufferings are greater than they would have been if the command of the Battalion had been retained, if the officers whose right it was to retain it, but have submitted to others, can endure, I can try.

p. 23  From the last date to the 30th, the Battalion marched 190 miles. On the 30th, after marching 18 miles, came to good water, as was usually the case at our places of encampment, but at this place there is no feed for animals, and consequently after resting a short time we again started and traveled 8 miles and camped for the night. Many a soldiers coat is now worn through on the shoulder by the constant rubbing of his musket, and many are now troubled with scaled or blistered shoulders, which makes it quite inconvenient to carry our muskets and cartridge boxes. But perhaps we may get annured [inured] to it after a while.

October the 1st, as soon as daylight, were again under way. Traveled 5 miles and stopped for breakfast, then marched 12 miles.

The 2nd traveled 27 miles. Camped on Red River.

The 3rd marched 6 miles and came to a spring at which place we again encamped. As soon as the companies had come to a halt, were informed that Lieutenant Smith had received word from General Kearney that we had to be at Santa Fe by the 10th, or we would not be permitted to continue our route to California, and the Lieutenant thought it best to take the 50 well and strong men from each company and strike out under a force march, and thus save the time, there being 6 days yet allotted and 140 miles to go. To this our captains assented, and at 5 p.m. the 250 men were under way with the best teams that could be picked, leaving the sick and way worn in charge of enough who were well to keep up our guard if we posted the same men every night.

The 4th those that were left in the rear rigged up the odd portions of teams that were allotted us, and under the charge of Lieutenant Omen of Company A, and started on the track, but not without many curious reflections. We now felt lonely and gloomy in our spirits.

On the 6th we came to Spanish settlements, and on the 12th at 5 a.m. reached Santa Fe, having passed several small towns and over quite a rough, mountainous country.

Santa Fe is situated on the Rio del Norte (River of the North), and between two spurs of the Rocky Mountains. The Valley is extensive and productive. The town forms a hollow square, is built of adobes, and is of itself, a fortification against Indians, etc. There are in the place some 30 American Traders whose goods are wagoned from the Missouri River. Santa Fe is the rallying point for trade for a large scope of country.

On our reaching the place we learned that Captain Cook of the U. S. Army was to take command of the Battalion, by order of General Kearney, who had gone in the advance of us to California. On receiving this information we had hoped that at least we should get rid of Lieutenant Smith, but in this we were disappointed. On the 13th there was an order read announcing, not only that Captain Cook was to take the command, and on account was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel, but that Lieutenant Smith had received the appointment as quartermaster for the Battalion. Thus Lieutenant Gully, who had received his appointment as quartermaster from Colonel Allen, had been supplanted, and as any other man of feeling would have done, Brother Gully resigned his commission as Lieutenant and began to make preparations to return to the camp of the saints, in company with Brothers Lee and Egan.

The 16th received 1 1/2 month's pay, a good portion of which was sent back for the benefit of our families, etc.

p. 24  The 17th was mostly spent in making preparations for resuming our march.

Sunday, October the 18th 1846, received rations for our journey. In the afternoon Captain Brown of Company C started for Purbelo, in charge of some 70 persons who were considered unable to endure the fatigues of the journey to California. This company was to join those that left us at the last crossing of the Arkansas, and with them spend the winter and pursue their journey in the spring via Fort Laramie.

On Monday, the 19th, the Battalion again took up the line of march. At the same time Brothers Lee and Egan started on their return to the Bluffs, accompanied by Lieutenant Gully and Roswell Stevens. The Battalion marched 5 miles and camped for the night. My feelings on leaving Santa Fe were of no ordinary kind. The Battalion had been divided, and thus I had been called to part with many of my brethren whose health was feeble, and also with those who had been the bearers of letters from my families and the families of my brethren, and who, in turn were to carry news to our families, which was probably the last opportunity of the kind with which we would be favoured, for at least one year. Besides I had, in company with my brethren of the Battalion, in the advance of me, a long and dreary march before we could reach the shores of the Pacific, and time only was to reveal its fatigues and hardships.

The 20th marched 15 miles. In the evening the companies were called together, and were informed that by order of Lieutenant Colonel Cook, the companies were to be reduced to 2/3 rations of flour, and 3/4 of sugar and coffee and 1/4 of pork.

The 21st marched 24 miles. We are now traveling down the Rio del Norte, course nearly south.

The 22nd traveled 15 miles. Passed two Spanish towns. The river bottoms continue wide and productive. The roads are sandy, which makes our traveling very fatiguing.

The 23rd marched 15 miles.

The 24th marched 15 miles. Passed several small villages. Roads still sandy.

The 25th marched 13 miles. Camped near an Indian village.

The 26th traveled 15 miles. Several in camp are afflicted with colds, tho but few are unable to travel.

The 27th traveled 12 miles.

The 28th traveled 10. This night I was Sergeant of the guard and suffered much from a severe rain storm. In this country there is but little rain except in the winter season. Crops are raised by irrigating. The inhabitants are generally of the lower class, and have but little respect for chastity or anything else that is decent.

The 29th traveled 15 miles. Camped in a beautiful cottonwood grove. Wood from Santa Fe to this place has been scarce.

The 30th marched 10 miles. Road bad; were under the necessity of leaving the River and climbing the bluffs, and of returning to the River bottoms again. Camped near a grist mill, the first I have seen in the country, but this is built on so small a scale that it is hardly worthy the name.

The 31st marched 15 miles. At 5 p.m. the Battalion was mustered, and by order of Colonel Cook, Adjutant Dikes took the command of Company D, as Captain Higgins had not returned from Purbelo, he having left the Battalion at the crossing of the Arkansas in charge of the p25families which I have before mentioned, and Lieutenant Merrill was appointed Adjutant of the Battalion in place of Lieutenant Dikes.

Sunday, November the 1st, traveled 18 miles. The health of the camp is generally good.

The 2d traveled 10 miles. This day I was Sergeant of the guard. The quartermaster bought a small drove of sheep and I stopped and assisted in counting and receiving them, etc.

The 3rd Nov 1846 traveled 12 miles. At 5 p.m. Brother James Hampton died. Brother Hampton was sick but a short time, and his death was quite unexpected. This day the Battalion received orders that they were to use only 1/2 rations of flour. As the roads are bad our march is rendered slow, but as yet we are hardly out of the Spanish settlements, and it appears that the reducing of our rations, as it commenced almost from the time of our leaving Santa Fe is altogether needless.

The 4th traveled 13 miles. Road very rough. Soon after we were encamped Brother Thomas Wolsey came up with us direct from Purbelo. Brother Wolsey brought word that Captain Higgins accompanied him as far as Santa Fe, but had concluded, as the privilege was granted him, to return to Purbelo [Pueblo], as his family was at that place. Many were sorry that Captain Higgins did not come on and take charge of his company, and felt that his place was far from being filled. This day two men were tied behind a wagon where they were forced to travel all day with heavy packs on their backs. Their offence was for not waking to receive the officer of the day when he approached the guard quarters to be on parade at the time said officer approached. The officer of the day on the present occasion was Lieutenant Dykes, now in command of Company D, and in this instance he had an opportunity for showing how much pains he would take to please Colonel Cooke. The appearance was that he regarded not the lives of his brethren, as he was willing to report against them for the most trifling offence, with a view, as it appeared, of trying to please those in charge. The present prospect seems to be that indignant feelings are arising in the bosoms of many in the Battalion in reference to the course that Lieutenant Dykes is pursuing, which will hardly erase.

This night a report came to the camp that the Mexicans were preparing to hinder our passing the mountain in the advance of us, but to this the Colonel appeared to give no credit, but it was thought by the pilots that there was a greater prospect of our suffering for provisions before we reached the sea coast, as we had now before us a journey of several hundred miles uninhabited and unexplored, with deserts and mountains to pass and our road to search out and make as we passed along. And our teams are now getting reduced in flesh, and some of the cattle are giving out.

The 5th laid by, and the Colonel sent back 2 or 3 miles and had an ox driven up that gave out the day before. The ox had been sprained in his shoulder and was very poor, but notwithstanding this, his bones would make soup, though it make well men sick, and he was ordered to be butchered and divided out.

The 6th traveled 12 miles. Had rugged bluffs to pass, in places some 12 or 15 men were detailed to assist in pulling each wagon up the bluffs.

The 7th traveled about 10 miles. Road very bad. Had considerable of a mountain to cross. The men became very much fatigued lifting at wagon wheels, fixing roads, etc.

p26 The 8th advanced only 6 miles. Late in the afternoon four pilots returned to camp. They had been in the advance several days looking out the route. They reported that they considered the route almost impassable.

The 9th traveled 11 miles. Road bad. Pioneers are kept ahead as usual to clear the way. We are now in the midst of mountains, the whole face of which at present are covered with shrubby locust, which are filled with thorns and well calculated for tearing clothes. This night we were informed that there was to be another separation in the Battalion. It was already fully demonstrated that our journey was going to be tedious in the extreme, and that the number of mules was not sufficient for the baggage wagons.

The  Nov 10th 1846 we laid by, and all the sick and feeble looking were selected out of each company, who were to go back with the view of joining Captain Brown and those that had already returned, to winter in Purbelo. The number selected out of Company B was 10, the number in all was 50, or thereabouts. Lieutenant Willis of Company A was selected to return in charge of the company. This day was truly a solemn one to me, as well as to many of my brethren. It appeared to me that different arrangements should have been made before leaving the settlements, in reference to teams and provisions, but perhaps all may work out right. At 3 p.m. those selected to return were under way. The parting scenery was like cutting the threads of life. But may the God of the saints preserve my brethren that we may again meet in the flesh — and notwithstanding, the prospects to us, look dark and dreary, both in the front and in the rear of us. Yet, O God, wilt thou sustain us, and may no power beneath the Heavens prevail against us.

The 11th traveled 15 miles.

The 12th traveled 15 miles.

The 13th traveled 3 miles and came to the place where we were to leave the Rio del Norte. The distance which we have now made since leaving Santa Fe as near as I am able to judge is 300 miles. After leaving the river we traveled 15 miles in a western direction and camped for the night. Water was obtained at this place from a very deep, rocky gulf. Pilots are now kept ahead to look out places of encampment, and a route through the mountains.

The 14th took up the line of march at 11:30 a.m., traveled 15 miles across a beautiful level plain, camped at a spring discovered by our guides. Near this place of encampment there is the foundation of a very ancient building, built of rock. The foundation is 36 feet square and is divided into five rooms or apartments. The country around is beautiful and has the appearance of having been settled by a people that understood the use of tools prior to the discovery of America by Columbus.

The 15th laid by in order to give the pilots an opportunity to look out the route.

The 16th traveled 15 miles. Country beautiful and in many places pieces of earthenware are to be seen, and my feelings were that I was traveling over a country which had once been inhabited, and a land that had once brought forth in its strength, but now uninhabited and desolate. At this place of encampment we were supplied with water from a spring near the foot of a mountain.

The 17th traveled 5 miles. Crossed a range of mountains called p27the Sonora mountains. Camped one mile from water, as it was impossible to get nearer. Near this place of encampment there is a large number of mortars molten in solid rocks, which form the appearance of having been used for pulverizing gold mineral. There are those in the Battalion that have been accustomed to gold mining, who say that this country has every appearance of being full of the mineral.

The 18th traveled 20 miles. Crossed a beautiful plain. There were mountains or spurs of mountains on all sides in the distance. At this place of encampment we were favoured with excellent water from a large running stream, and a plenty of timber. The valley is large and land rich. This stream, I think, is called the Members.

The 19th traveled 23 miles. Camped near the road that leads from the Sonora settlements to certain copper mines, and is called the Copper Mine road. Soon after we had pitched our tents, our pilots returned, bringing the word that the country continued level as far as they had traveled, and had the appearance of continuing so to the Gila, or Heli, River, but they appeared to entertain fears in reference to water.

Early on the morning of the 20th our pilots went to the top of a small mountain near by, and raised a smoke, and in a short time two Indians or Creoles came riding to camp. The object in raising this smoke was to call Indians to the camp if there were any in sight, and from the best information which the Colonel could gain, he came to the conclusion to turn his course more to the south and pass through the Sonora settlements.

On the morning of the 21st we struck our tents and took up the line of march directly south, and continued this course nearly two miles, when the Colonel became dissatisfied with the course and swore he would continue it no further. We then left the Copper mine road and took up a line of march directly west, and traveled 12 miles. Camped between two small mountains. All were well pleased with the final conclusion of our Colonel in the morning and felt that a providential hand was in the move. The night of the 20th David Pettigrew, Levi Hancock, myself, and others had met in prayer for the purpose of asking the Lord that all might work out for our good, and in the night Father Pettigrew dreamed that he saw a person coming from the course which we had been traveling, riding on horseback in the air, saw him pass over our camp and continue on the same course. After he had passed a short distance, he turned his body upon his horse and placing a trumpet to his mouth, sounded the advance, after which he resumed his seat in his saddle and continued his course to the westward. This dream was related on the morning of the 21st before we had taken up the line of march, and when we came to start to the south there was a strong drawback to my feelings, but after marching the 2 miles as before stated, and our bugler came to sound the halt, the first thought that struck me, which I spoke aloud to Brother Hancock who was walking by my side, was that the Angel of the Lord had met the Colonel and when the advance was sounded, and the course of the Battalion turned square to the right, the idea with me, was fully ratified, that the hand of God was in the move.

The 22nd marched 18 miles. Camped without water.

The 23rd struck our tents at sunrise, crossed a valley and came to the foot of a mountain where we found a small quantity of water, but not sufficient for half the men, and we were obliged to cross the mountain p28and another valley before we could find water. Teams were from 7 o'clock the 23rd till late in the afternoon the 24th getting to water. At this place of encampment we met with a company of Spaniards from whom the Colonel obtained some 12 or 15 fresh mules. This place is called the dry pond, and will by us be long remembered. On the day we reached it the Colonel remarked to some of the privates that he had marched with his knapsack on his back, but said that his sufferings would never compare with ours.

The 25th traveled 20 miles, crossed a range of mountains, and camped in a valley after dark. This day one of the pilots killed a grizzly bear.

The 26th marched 15 miles.

The 27th marched 15 miles. After we were encamped I had a tooth extracted. Had suffered much with it for several days. This night I dreamed of seeing a Temple completed and filled with the Glory of the Lord.

The 28th traveled only 5 miles. Were now on the range of mountains called by the pilots the backbone of North America. At 11 o'clock we came to a precipice, and consequently were obliged to come to a halt and camp for the day. Men are now suffering by reason of scanty rations. At this place of encampment pieces of dry hide were cut fine and boiled for soup.

The 29th the mules were packed and sent down the mountain with what they could carry.

The 30th as many mules as could be spared were again packed, and one span being hitched to each to each empty wagon, the whole camp again started. In passing down the mountain ropes were fastened to the hind end of each wagon by which the men were enabled to keep them from ending over onto the mules. We reached our place of encampment a little before sunset, having traveled about 8 miles. We had not as yet reached the foot of the mountains. This was the most rugged mountain we had passed, and my reflections were that it was with propriety called the backbone of North America. It seemed that mountains were piled on the tops of mountains, and that each peak was trying to see which would outvie in towering in its majesty towards the heavens.

December the 1st passed down the canyon 7 miles. Road very bad. Some sycamore and butternut trees in the canyon.

The 2d traveled 10 miles. Camped at a place where there had once been a Spanish settlement, but as I was informed, had been destroyed by the Indians. At this place some 25 or 30 Indians of the Apache tribe came to trade with us. They had for sale some meat and some bread fruit, a sort of root with which this part of the country abounds. This is a beautiful country, and in this valley there are wild cattled in abundance.

The 3rd laid by and had a spree hunting wild cattle. Several were killed, and several wild horses were seen.

The 4th. At 12 o'clock we again struck our tents and traveled 8 miles. This is the 46th day since we left Santa Fe, and from the best information that can be obtained we are only about half way to the sea coast — living on half rations and making roads, and lifting at wagons comes very tough on the men, and many are growing faint and weary under it. This night orders were given that both the advance and rear guard should pack their knapsacks and blankets in addition to their muskets and cartridge boxes. The Colonel was notified that Company B had a

p. 29 span of mules and wagon which was private property that they had along for the purpose of conveying their blankets, etc. He replied that he didn't care a dam for that, his orders must be obeyed. This I considered a small streak in the Colonel, proportioned somewhat after the shape of his body, which was about 6 feet in length and about the size of a mud wasp around the waist.

The 5th marched 12 miles.

The 6th marched 15 miles. Camped at a beautiful grove of ash and walnut. In the evening had a chilly storm of rain and snow.

The 7th laid by. Did up our washing, mending, etc.

The 8th traveled 18 miles. At this place of encampment we had no water except what we had in our canteens, etc.

The 9th traveled 10 miles, came to the San Pedro River. This is a beautiful stream and runs through a beautiful valley of rich land. During the day several droves of wild cattle and horses were to be seen in the distance. This stream empties into the Heli River. We crossed it and continued down the stream about 8 miles and camped for the night.

The 10th marched 15 miles.

The 11th marched 12 miles. Had a severe time with wild bulls. There were not less than 15 killed. They pitched in among the men and mules and such a scattering is seldom seen. Sergeant Smith of Company B was thrown some 10 or 15 feet and badly bruised, and a young man by the name of Cox was very badly gored under the thigh, and two mules were gored to death. Lieutenant Stoneman, assistant quartermaster, had his thumb blown nearly off by the bursting of a pistol, and with all, we had for a few minutes, quite a lively time.

The 12th marched 15 miles. Our course for the three last days has been nearly North. We are still on the San Pedro River. This stream abounds with fish, and the few hooks that can be raised are well employed.

The 13th marched 7 miles and encamped. Our pilots had been in advance from the time we came to this stream. Their object was to look out the best route and to visit Fort Tucson which was situated about 50 miles from this stream. Some of the pilots had now returned with the word that the soldiers at the fort were not willing to have us pass that way. In the afternoon the Battalion was mustered, drilled about one hour, afterwards orders No. 19 was published, which read as follows:

The 14th marched 19 miles. At this place of encampment we were p30met by three soldiers from the fort. They stated, as I was informed, that according to the orders which they had received from the Governor of Sonora, they could not let us pass the garrison.

The 15th traveled 12 miles. Passed a distillery, a temporary fix-up for the purpose of manufacturing Augadent, out of a mescal, a kind of plant that grows plentifully in the country. At our place of encampment we had no water.

The 16th, which was 5 months from the day we were mustered into service, we again took up the line of march with the Battalion in front of the wagons, and a small guard in advance of the command. Marched 16 miles and came to the fort. On our arrival we found that the soldiery had fled and that they had taken with them many of the citizens of the town. We marched through town, and went a short distance and camped. The countenances of the females showed very plain that fear had rested upon them, which reminded me of the situation in which I had seen the saints, when surrounded by the enemy and no kindness shown them. But how vastly different with the inhabitants of Tucson. Our kindness soon showed to them that they need not entertain any fears. Soon after we were encamped, the Colonel with a few others, returned to the fort and on searching, found that there was some two or three thousand bushels of wheat on hand belonging to the soldiery, and as feed was scarce for animals, a small quantity was taken to feed the mules. But there was no provisions to be obtained for the battalion.

The 17th, some 50 or 60 volunteered to go with the Colonel on the track which the soldiers had taken. They were gone most of the day, but made no discoveries. At night picket guards were stationed on the opposite side of town from camp, and at midnight the sentinels thought they saw the advance guard of an enemy approaching, and alarm guns were fired and the Battalion was formed in quick time, and in good order, and for about one hour calmly waited for an opposing front, but no enemy appeared, and we again retired for the night.

The 18th at 10 o'clock took up the line of march. Traveled 5 miles and stopped and watered our mules. This distance was over a beautiful bottom which I should judge was 30 miles in width. After leaving this water we marched 20 miles and camped for the night, at least, that portion that was remaining, had no water.

The 19th started at sunrise, traveled 35 miles, camped at 10 o'clock p.m. Had no water at this place of encampment, and we had none through the day except a little that was fortified in two or three small mud holes. This was sipped down by the men as readily as if it had been the choicest of wine. This night the camp was scattered 4 or 5 miles, and men and beasts were suffering in the extreme. Men could be found by the way side camped two or three in a place with neither blanket nor tent, and without anything to eat or drink. My mess had nothing for supper but a little parched wheat. This day I was sergeant of the guard.

The 20th, which was Sunday, my mess with some others, succeeded in getting a little water out of a mud hole by going 3 miles, but it was filthy in the extreme. We however mixed a little flour in some but the water was too thick with mud that it would admit of but a small portion of flour being added. We cooked some and ate it, but it was like eating clay. As soon as we were done with this clay repast, the music sounded the advance. D. P. Rainey and myself started in the advance, bound for water, as this privilege was given the men to make the best p31of their way to a place where they might quench their thirst. We traveled 8 miles and to our great joy we came up with the pilots, who were seated by a small pond of water. Here we laid ourselves upon the ground by the waters edge, and after drinking and resting and again drinking and resting and continuing this operation for a time we succeeded in quenching our thirst. But on arising from the ground we felt that we were not much less than ninety and nine years old, but we succeeded in waddling along about 2 miles, where we reached running water, which place our guides had selected for our encampment. The men were stringing into camp for several hours. The distance that we traveled without water was not less than 70 miles across a barren desert. After we were encamped the Colonel said that he believed that any other company under like circumstances would have mutinied. But in reference to us, he said that notwithstanding we were worn down, we were ready to obey any orders that might be given. He further stated that had he known the situation of the desert we had just crossed he would not have come onto it as he did on any account, from which it appeared that he had not been apprised that there was no water, otherwise we might have been better prepared.

The 21st we traveled 12 miles and came to the Heli river, a stream which we had long been anxious to sell. At this place we were met by about 100 Pemaw [Puma?] Indians. They had with them beans, corn and various other articles to see. At this place we struck the trail of General Kearney, his route had been to the north of us.

The 22nd marched 10 miles, camped in the village of the Pemaw Indians. This town contains about 4000 warriors. They are peaceable and inoffensive. They raise considerable grain. They raise cotton and manufacture blankets.

The 23rd marched 12 miles. This night the Colonel gave orders to have all the provisions which had been purchased by different individuals in camp left on the ground or be conveyed by the owners, as the roads were bad and he wished to preserve the strength of the mules. This night had a large watermelon. Several were brought into camp by the Indians.

The 24th camp laid by. A large number of Indians came in to trade. The quartermaster bought some 60 or 70 bushels of corn and a little meal. The corn was bought for the mules.

The 25th. Took up the line of march at 10 a.m. Traveled 20 miles, camped without water. This day I was sergeant of the guard, and with all it was rather a strange Christmas to me. My situation with my family in days gone by was called to mind and contrasted with my present situation, at present, on the sandy deserts through which pass the Heli and Colorado rivers — growing faint and weary for want of those comforts which nature requires to give strength and vigor to the body, and also suffering much at time for water. But still pressing forward with parched lips and scalled shoulders, with weary limbs and blistered feet, with worn out shoes and tattered clothes. But with me, the prospect of the result of my present toils cheers me on.

The 26th, started at sunrise. Traveled 30 miles. The last two days has been across a bend in the River.

The 27th traveled 8 miles. The sand here is so deep that it is almost impossible to get along.

The 28th traveled only 8 miles.

p32 The 29th traveled 12 miles. Crossed a rise of ground a short distance from the River. Near the summit is a quantity of rock that are covered with characters and hyroglyphics. They are cut in the rocks, and appear to be of long standing.

The 30th traveled 16 miles. This night the air was very chilly.

The 31st. The Battalion was mustered at sunrise, it being customary to muster on the last day of each month. At 9 a.m. took up the line of march, traveled 10 miles, camped one mile and a half from water.

January 1st, 1847. Struck our tents at sunrise. Traveled 12 miles, camped on the bank of the Heli. At 1:30 p.m. new years supper was composed of a little bread and coffee, and a little flour gravy.

The 2nd. Traveled 12 miles. This day two water tight wagon boxes were taken off and put into the River, and loaded with flour. It was thought that the boxes could be floated with the flour and meet with the wagons at the crossing of the Colorado, but this proved a failure as the sand bars would not admit of the boxes floating, and the flour was mostly lost.

The 3rd.  Marched 12 miles.

The 4th. Traveled 8 miles. Roads still bad.

The 5th. Traveled 14 miles. This night orders were given that our rations should be reduced one ounce. This was occasioned by the loss on the River. Orders had previously been given that there should be no corn used by the men, and very small losses were by us, painfully realized.

The 6th. Traveled 12 miles.

The 7th. Traveled 8 miles. I had charge of the guard. The road was very bad. Points of the mountains made down to the River, and made it very bad to get along. The mules were herded across the river.

The 8th traveled 15 miles. Camped near the month of the Heli River.

The 9th. Traveled 10 miles and came to the crossing of the Colorado. Before reaching the River we crossed a wide sandy bottom.

The 10th. Men were detailed to gather muskeet to take along for the mules. This is a kind of bud that grows on small trees or bushes which resemble the Locust tree. Some of the messes ground some of the buds to mix with their flour in order to enlarge their rations as we were allotted only eight ounces per day, but the flour of the muskeet bud was a very poor substitute. At 4 p.m. Company B commenced crossing the river. Ferry Boats were rigged out of wagon boxes which answered a very good purpose on the present occasion. The River at this place, as near as we could judge, is about one mile wide. The boats were kept running all night by the different companies.

The 11th. In the morning the mules were driven across. At 10 a.m. left the River and traveled 15 miles across a deep sandy bottom. Three wagons were left by the way, also several mules gave out and were left. At this place of encampment we got water from a well dug by General Kearney.

The 12th. Took up a line of march at a quarter before 12. Traveled 10 miles. This night we had no water, only what we had taken with us from the well. My health had now been very poor for several days, but still I performed my daily task without complaining. The idea of p33my coming under the care of our surgeon was out of the question. Consequently I toiled on, sick or well.

The 13th. Traveled 14 miles. At this place we dug a well, in addition to one we found on our arrival. From these we obtained about half rations of water.

The 14th. Traveled 18 miles. Camped without water.

The 15th. Traveled 10 miles. Came to another well which afforded a little water, but not half enough for some of the men, to say nothing about the teams. At this place we were met by one of the guides. He had with him a small supply of fresh mules and 10 head of beef cattle from the settlements. The guide brought us the news that General Kearney had had an engagement with the Californians, and that he had lost 18 privates and one captain. The enemy had decidedly the advantage and numbered 500, whereas the Generals men only numbered 130. The battle took place in the midst of a rain storm, and as the General was on the march the guns were wet, and consequently did not perform well. His mules were also worn down and refused to act. The General with his men fled a short distance and got upon the top of a small hill, which was afterwards known by the name of mule hill, as the General was here hemmed in by the enemy for three days, during which time himself and men lived upon mule flesh. After the elapse of three days Commodore Stockton with some 250 or 300 marines hove in sight from San Diego, a person having been sent in the night time through the ranks of the enemy, for the Commodore's assistance. Just before the Commodore came in sight, the General having come to the conclusion that his runner had been killed in attempting to pass the guards of the army, as the time had been delayed by the Commodore in getting his artillery from the ship, had ordered his men to burn their saddles, bridles, and blankets, etc., that nothing might fall into the hands of the enemy. This was done, and their swords were girdled on and every possible preparation made for a desperate struggle for their lives just as the Commodore appeared in view. At whose appearance the enemy fled. But I will now leave this subject and return to the Battalion on the deserts of the Colorado. After resting a while at the place where we were met by the guide, we started on. Traveled 12 miles and encamped. Had no water.

The 16th were up and off at 1 in the morning. Traveled 20 miles and came to running water. The men were from 11 a.m. till 10 p.m. getting to camp, and many of them were entirely done out. Several mules gave out and were left by the way. We had now marched about 100 miles from the Colorado, across a barren desert, about one-half the distance deep sand, a portion of the distance had the appearance of good soil, but the want of rain rendered it useless.

The 17th. Traveled 18 miles. Camped in a pass between the mountains. This night we learned that General Kearney had had another battle with the Spaniards of California, and that he had gained a decided victory, also the Spaniards had left their forts and fled, and it was some expected that we should meet them as it was anticipated that they would flee to Sonora.

The 18th. Laid by and cleaned up our arms. At sunset the Battalion was paraded and inspected.

The 19th. Traveled 13 miles. Crossed a very steep, high mountain. At sunset passed through a narrow rocky canyon, too narrow for our wagons. Were obliged to cut away the rock with our axes and to take off the mules and lift the wagons through by hand. Camp this p34night without water.

The 20th. Traveled 7 miles and came to water. Here we met Mr. Shabinaw, one of our guides, and others from San Diego. We stopped at this place and rested three hours, and then traveled 8 miles and camped near a beautiful grove of live oak.

The 21st. Traveled 12 miles and came to Hormer's Ranch. The sight of the cabins and the herds of cattle scattered over this large and commodious ranch with the beautiful stream rippling its way through the valley, was cheering beyond description to the weary and fainting soldiers.

The 22nd laid by. At 3 p.m. the battalion was paraded for inspection of arms and drill. For the last 3 or 4 days the men have had nothing to eat but beef, and not half rations of that, and several of the men parted with many of their clothes to get a small pittance of corn from the Indians on the ranch. And one man in Company B even sold his last shirt to get a small trifle of flour from the Indians. Two orderly sergeants, Brothers N. V. Jones and William Coray, and myself bought a pig of Mr. Horner, which we cooked and in company with others had a feast that revived our spirits.

The 23rd. Marched 20 miles. Just as we were encamped, it commenced raining and continued to rain hard all night. In the morning all were drenched through.

The 24th. It continued to rain hard nearly all day. Camp proceeded only 3 miles.

The 25th. Traveled 12 miles, camped in a beautiful valley. Just before we reached our place of encampment, we discovered a large company of Indians paraded in battle line ahead of us. At first we supposed them to be an enemy and prepared ourselves accordingly, but on our arrival we found them to be a company of friendly Indians that had paraded to salute us, and were ready to assist us if further trouble with the Spaniards should require. But their assistance was not required as on our arrival the trouble was over. President Young stated at the time of our enlistment that the fighting would all be done up just ahead of us. This we found to be the case both in Santa Fe and throughout New Mexico, as well as in California. At sunset a messenger came into camp from San Diego with orders from General Kearny to Colonel Cooke for the battalion to be marched directly to San Diego, and also bringing the news that a treaty of peace had been ratified between the General and California. The Battalion was at this time enroute for Pueblo de los Angelos, which was at present the capital of California, and not knowing that the war was at an end, and supposing that General Kearney was at, or near that place, the object was to assist him. But on receiving the information that the war was over, and that the General was at San Diego, quite a pleasant sensation ran through the camp.

The 26th. Traveled 16 miles, and as our course was now turned to the south, we were obliged to cross a low range of mountains, after which we descended into a beautiful valley with beautiful feed. This night we camped on a large stream called the San Luis.

The 27th. Marched 20 miles. At 12 we came to the San Luis Mission.

The 28th. Traveled 16 miles. The valley in which we encamped was covered with wild oats, as was the case with many others we had passed through.

p35 The 29th. Traveled 20 miles. Camped at a Catholic Mission, built by St. Diego, situated 9 miles from the sea coast, and 5 miles from the village of San Diego. At this place we took up our quarters for a short time, and were glad, truly glad, to find any kind of a place where the half clad, and barefooted soldiers could rest themselves from the fatigues of a long and dreary march. Connected with this mission is a large olive grove and a grape vineyard.

Mormon Battalion Arrives at the Pacific Ocean,
Painting by William Maughn

The 30th. General Kearney sailed for San Francisco.

The 31st. I went, in company with others, to the village of San Diego and thence to the coast. At this place there is a tolerable good harbour. There were four vessels laying at anchor.

February the 1st. We took up a line of march to return to the San Luis Mission, accompanied by the regulars that had been with General Kearney.

The 2nd. Passed Mule Hill, the place where the General had his first battle with the Spaniards.

And on the 3rd at 12, reached the mission, having traveled a different route from the one we took on our route to San Diego.

The mission of San Luis is beautifully situated. The chapel and all the buildings connected with it enclose, I should judge, five or six acres of land. The buildings form a square in the center of which are orange trees. Connected with this mission is a beautiful grape vineyard and an orange orchard, also pepper and cocoa trees. This place is situated in plain view of the ocean, the shore of which is some five or six miles in the distance. The mission of San Luis had been built and occupied by the Catholics, but at the commencement of the war, this, with many others in California, had been vacated, and had fallen into the hands of the United States government, as public property.

The 4th. Men were detailed to slick up the square and repair and cleanse our quarters. At 5 p.m. the Battal